A new methodology has been proposed for optimal size selection of a hybrid energy system (HES) including lithium-ion battery and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell to supply the driving force of a locomotive. The main purpose is to minimize the total cost of HES with different...

This paper proposes a new methodology for the optimal selection of the parameters for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) models. The proposed method is to optimal parameter selection of the circuit-based model of the PEMFC model to minimize the sum of squared error (SSE) value between...

In credence goods markets, experts have better information about the appropriate quality of treatment than their customers. Experts may exploit their informational advantage by defrauding customers. Market institutions have been shown theoretically to be effective in mitigating fraudulent expert...