This article explores the effectiveness of applying a new multidimensional graphical method to the teaching and learning of economics. In essence, the paper extends the significance of multi-dimensional graphs to study any economic phenomenon from a multidimensional perspective. The paper...

In this short expository note I provide an overview of leveraged buy-out transactions (“LBOs”). I show in detail how an LBO transaction is structured and financed, as well as the typical return profile. I also provide a sample transaction accompanied by financial projections, debt repayment...

The Cobb Douglas production function is a central element in economic growth theory and Microeconomics. Its popularity in economics stems from certain convenient mathematical properties. Some of these properties describe a set of (partial) differential equations. Although the Cobb Douglas...

In this paper, we present a novel framework for macroeconomic analysis, which tries to incorporate recent theoretical developments into a model describing an open economy. The model includes a monetary policy rule instead of the LM function together with an aggregate supply function derived from...

The purpose of this case is to provide an introduction to fixed income portfolio management. In addition, the case describes the story of Bill Gross and the founding of PIMCO.Bill Gross continues to work the same schedule since joining PIMCO in 1970; a rigorous and structured workday that begins at...

Computer Algebra Systems can be combined with conventional teaching methods to provide students a more "hands-on" understanding of economic concepts. Maxima and its interface wxMaxima are open source (and therefore zero-price) alternatives to expensive programs like Maple and Mathematica. This...

Hedging of illiquid financial instruments is carried out with liquid instruments that, as a rule, have simpler payoff functions. For example, hedging of Asian or long-dated put options is carried out with vanilla puts, hedging of Bermuda swaptions is done with vanilla swaptions, etc. This kind...

All too often, the concept of risk-neutral probabilities in mathematical finance is poorly explained, and misleading statements are made. The aim of this paper is to provide an intuitive understanding of risk-neutral probabilities, and to explain in an easily accessible manner how they can be...

Accepted wisdom, assuming capital market equilibrium and low cash returns, advises investors to hold optimal portfolios containing little cash. But credit crunches - periods of non-price credit rationing when effective cash yields are very high - happen in the real world. Because of this, it is...

It is nowadays unquestionable that the defense of the environmental quality and to it safeguards of the natural resources are fundamental slopes of the social development. The exploration of the common natural resources (water, air, soil, natural landscapes and humanized) it has been provoking...