In this paper the main developments in post-Keynesian macroeconomics since the mid- 1990s will be reviewed. For this purpose the main differences between heterodox economics in general, including post-Keynesian economics, and orthodox economics will be reiterated and an overview over the strands...

In this paper the main developments in post-Keynesian macroeconomics since the mid-1990s will be reviewed. For this purpose the main differences between heterodox economics in general, including post-Keynesian economics, and orthodox economics will be reiterated and an overview over the strands...

Progressive policy proposals influenced by post-Keynesian economics emphasise the use of fiscal policy and income redistribution to maintain aggregate demand at levels which achieve full employment. Given persistent evidence of weak demand, excess capacity and unemployment in rich economies...

This note considers Tobin's average Q in a framework where firms finance investment by equities and debt. The determination of its long-run equilibrium value Q° is based on positing equality of the loan rate and, adjusted for a risk premium, the return on equities. Q° can thus be characterized...

We analyze the stability of a discrete-time dynamic model with an IS-LM structure. We assume that the Aggregate Supply function is of Lucas type, and the monetary policy rule is of Friedman type. The mechanism of expectations formation is assumed to be of adaptive type (Friedman-Cagan). In its...

This paper develops parallels between economics and physics and describes macroeconomics as multi-agent systems on economic space alike to multi-particle systems. Economic agents play roles of simple units of macroeconomics alike to “economic particles” and agent's risk ratings define their...

This paper models macro-finance on economic space alike to description of multi-particle systems. We treat economic agents as simple units of macro-finance system and use their risk ratings as their coordinates on economic space. Financial variables of separate economic agents are defined as...

This paper describes macroeconomics as multi-agent system alike to multi-particle system. Economic agents are treated as simple units of macroeconomics on economic space. Risk ratings of economic agents play role of their coordinates on economic space. Aggregates of economic variables of...

The emerging field of law and macroeconomics is dominated by Keynesianism, which is used to defend interventionism. Law fluctuates with economic fluctuations. I defend an alternative approach that resists fluctuations in the law and supports the rule of law. This approach emerges from...

Identifiability of the parameters is an important precondition for consistent estimation of models designed to describe empirical phenomena. Nevertheless, many estimation exercises proceed without a preliminary investigation into the identifiability of its models. As a consequence, the estimates...