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This study aims to reveal the connection between corruption and shadow economy, on one hand, and deforestation, on the other. The research considers 131 countries from all over the world, in the timeframe between the years 2012 and 2020, and it reveals that corruption and shadow economy...
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The objective of the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR), enforced since March 2013, is for importers and exporters to commit to reducing the risk of trading timber products from illegal sources in the EU. EUROSTAT time series on monthly trade with wood products from January 1988 to August 2016 were...
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Viscusi (1978) shows how, in markets with quality uncertainty, perfect certification results in separation from top … down due to an unraveling process similar to Akerlof (1970). De and Nabar (1991) argue that imperfect certification …' buying decision explicitly, a separating equilibrium with imperfect certification does exist. …
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It is often argued that certifiers have an incentive to offer inflated certificates, although they deny it. In this paper, we study a model in which a certifier is paid by sellers, and may offer them inflated certificates, but incurs costs if doing so. We find that the certifier may face a...
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