wages in the legal labor market). Public security policies are defined as pairs of a size of the police force and an average … length of sentences. We propose an original micro-founded police production function linking the level of police expenditures … investments in schooling and explore the potential complementarities across public security and educational policies. …

This paper investigates the state of low investment in Afghanistan by studying how investment decisions interact with … experience a higher probability of being affected by events related to crime and corruption and spend more on security …

address perceived problems in foreign societies. Drawing on evidence from the “Afghanistan Papers”—a collection of internal … government documents compiled by the Special Inspector General for the Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) and released in … December 2019—we demonstrate how the failure of the U.S.-led intervention in Afghanistan to meet the stated objectives …