This study proposes an optimal model to design and simulate the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems. The purpose of this paper is to present an improved version of seagull optimization algorithm for optimal parameter identification of the PEMFC stacks. The new algorithm uses the...

Model-identification and parameter extraction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a well-defined procedure for improving the PEMFC efficiency for designing and control purposes. This paper presents a new version of the improved fluid search optimization algorithm for optimal...

A new methodology has been proposed for optimal size selection of a hybrid energy system (HES) including lithium-ion battery and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell to supply the driving force of a locomotive. The main purpose is to minimize the total cost of HES with different...