paper documents that highway widenings considerably reduce congestion in the short run, defined here as 6 years. Using … despite strong increases in traffic flow. The welfare benefits in the short run already cover 40% of the widenings' investment … costs. Our paper contributes to an explanation why countries invest in roadworks even when the fundamental law of congestion …

Transportation economists apply different labor supply models when studying anti-congestion policy: (i) endogenous … outcome of anti-congestion policies that change the relative cost of labor supply margins, and, thus, may affect decisions on … presence of other taxes when there is a congestion externality. We find surprisingly strong differences in quantity and sign …

urbanization is higher around train stations, but the effect of railway travel on road congestion is small. By contrast, if train … stations are omnipresent there is little effect on urban spatial structure, but a considerable decrease in congestion. With … regard to the supply of train stations, these findings suggest that there is an important policy trade-off between congestion …

congestion tolls. Based on these findings it becomes clear which labor supply approach is the most appropriate given specific …