The aim of this paper is to explore the concepts of eco-design and eco-innovation in the context of smart cities. In terms of impacts, the two approaches are considered to be sustainable solutions that imply finding the right balance between ecological and economic requirements by maximizing...

In a network industry, this paper investigates the impact of network effects on total pollution under the presence of a union interested to "local" environmental damages (e.g., polluting production processes damaging workers' health and the local environment where workers live). Under monopoly,...

In this paper the authors investigate whether and how, in a network industry, the intensity of network effects affect the total pollution under the presence of a union interested to "local" environmental damages (e.g. polluting production processes damaging workers' health and the local...