to be successful. I further argue that the information revealed in a profit-and-loss economy is socially beneficial …

choices. Consumers differ in their preferences and profitability (e.g., due to heterogeneous risk aversion and loss … substitution of quality for price is sharper for profit than for utility. In particular, profit also vanishes if utility equals the … sum of (negative) profit, and a surplus (eg, due to risk aversion). We pro- vide examples of economies where there exists …

Here, we argue that the commercial for-profit insurance companies act more like a memory-less system in a way that the … conventional commercial counterpart. The objective of this study is to quantify the extent of profit made by the commercial … insurance companies born out of the premium after meeting up operating expenditures and claim settlements and how this profit …