tropical diseases prevalent in low-income settings. The growing gap between the need for new pharmaceuticals and their …-promoting pharmaceuticals. Over the past three decades, prior reforms based on using these levers to incentivize drug development have been … innovation has both benefits and substantial problems for public health, including negative consequences for the patients these …

In October 2002, a substitution reform was introduced in the Swedish pharmaceuticals market. In this paper, the effects …

, particularly from an economic standpoint. In this regard, pharmaceuticals are not generally traded in what might be described as a … because it is imported. Parallel trade (i.e., imports and exports) in pharmaceuticals takes place in markets that are … international exhaustion. This should help to facilitate price reductions in the global market for pharmaceuticals …