future emission damage costs. In the presence of massive uncertainties and technology spillovers, well-designed sup …-port mechanisms for renewables are found to play a major role, notably as a means for compensating for technology spillovers, yet also … progress through R&D as well as learning-by-doing. A portfolio of three policy instruments is then needed to cope with the …

We study the impact of learning by doing, learning spill-overs, and imperfect competition in a model with two types of … producers engaged in learning by doing. We show that a first-best policy requires two instruments, a tax in the fossil … subsidies ; learning by doing ; spill-overs ; market structure …

Under perfect competition on the output market, first best technology subsidies in the presence of learning by doing … thus depending directly on the learning effects and are, if applicable, positive. Considering electricity markets, a … setting of imperfect competition is more appropriate. We show that the second best output subsidy for learning by doing in …

Under perfect competition on the output market, first best technology subsidies in the presence of learning by doing … thus depending directly on the learning effects and are, if applicable, positive. Considering electricity markets, a … setting of imperfect competition is more appropriate. We show that the second best output subsidy for learning by doing in …

learning-by-doing spillovers, taking into account increasing marginal costs at the industry level due to limited availability … elasticity of learning by doing is large, which means that technologies rapidly mature with little further scope for learning …