contributions mechanism with punishment (VCMP). We eliminate 'dynamic economic linkages' between the two stages of our "modified …, culture, and endogenous emotions are the key determinants of contributions and punishments. The emotions of shame, frustration …

punishment decisions: Do punishers want to make sure that transgressors understand why they are being punished, and is this …, preregistered experiment (N = 1,959) we demonstrate that consideration for transgressors' beliefs affects punishment decisions on …

Altruistic punishment is often thought to be a major enforcement mechanism of social norms. I present experimental … results from a modified version of the dictator game with third-party punishment, in which third parties can remain ignorant … initial ignorance. Remaining ignorant and choosing not to punish is not inappropriate. As a result, altruistic punishment is …

substantially. We document this fact by comparing an easy-to-grasp expectations-based policy, unconventional fiscal policy, with a … consumption via managing inflation expectations based on the Euler equation. Unconventional fiscal policy uses trivial … announcements of future consumer-price increases to boost inflation expectations and consumption expenditure on impact. Instead …

Subjective expectations about future policy play an important role in individuals' welfare. We examine how workers …' expectations about pension reform vary with proximity to reforms, information cost, and aggregate information acquisition. We …-level representative survey data on expectations about future reforms and countrylevel data on online search. We find: (1) Expectations are …

unconventional policies that aim to increase households' spending directly through managing their expectations. We first show … theoretically and empirically that higher in ation expectations increase households' consumption. We then design a difference … demand via managing expectations. Whereas unconventional fiscal policy increases households' expectations and spending …