The commonly used method for representing macroeconomics as a social system is by assuming the existence of a number of agencies (or entities) and of their various connecting links. In practice this is achieved and illustrated by the use of a block-and-flow diagram. For the case being considered...

How can we explain that in 2008/2009 the global stock markets plummeted –50% in nine months only to rebound by 60% over the following nine months? Why did investors price in the future earnings of the global stock market at 35 times the market price at the height of the TMT bubble, while the...

This note is a sketch of what could be the basis for a theory of applied statistics. Such a theory is needed to help statistics become more relevant, with significant impact and innovative developments. To achieve this goal, statisticians need to get involved in new activities within the...

Liquidity may be a serious challenge to growing nations especially in the absence of foreign aid or other necessary assistance like access to borrowing. This paper introduces the Invisible Reserves Theory which states that, “A country that is locked in a depression during the absence of...

This educational resource utilizes the Essential Scholars series published by the Fraser Institute and combines it with the Kahoot! learning platform to promote deeper learning. The nine Essential Scholars (Adam Smith, David Ricardo, David Hume, John Locke, Joseph Schumpeter, James Buchanan,...

The model of perfect competition is one of the most famous, most important, and most misunderstood concepts in economics. Rather than aiming to be a full-blown model of real-world competitive markets, the perfect competition model isolates the decentralized coordination mechanism inherent in all...

Zimbabwe like many other developing nations has energy supply that is less than energy demand. This entails prioritization and increased prices economically, however as energy is a basic need, a different approach is called for. The goal of human development needs to be achieved, which has seen...

Professor W. B. Reddaway (known to friends and colleagues as Brian Reddaway) was an exceptional economist who had a huge influence on how economics in Cambridge has been taught and researched. He held leadership positions in the Faculty of Economics and Politics at Cambridge for 25 years,...

Given the breadth of the ideas of the Austrian School of Economics and the numerous lengthy treatises across which those ideas are scattered, it is no easy task to recommend an introductory text which clearly and quickly conveys the definitive characteristics of this school of thought. However,...