. More interestingly, findings from the estimation show that EKC hypothesis, HD and sustainability are crucial to build … Kuznets curve (EKC) literature. But related hypotheses, performance measures and results continue to present a challenge. The … present paper contributes to this ongoing literature by studying two different EKC specifications for 10 Middle East and North …

particular, we propose to test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for a panel of 24 OECD countries and 32 non …-OECD countries by developing a more flexible estimation technique which enables to account for functional form misspecification … semiparametric panel data model. Our results corroborates that the nature and validity of the income–pollution relationship based on …

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) introduces an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental pollution and … the EKC for developing transition economies of European Union, therefore, our results could make a significant …

estimates approve the "pollution haven" hypothesis, which postulates that the polluting industrial activities of developed …