This paper investigates the roles of bank and trade credits in a supply chain with a capital constrained retailer facing demand uncertainty. The retailer can borrow credit from a bank (bank credit), and/or from the supplier who allows delayed payment (trade credit). We evaluate the retailer's...

There exist capital constraints in many distribution channels. We examine a channel consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer, where the retailer is capital constrained. The retailer may fund its business by borrowing credit either from a competitive bank market or from the manufacturer,...

Emergency events, such as epidemics, typhoons and floods, can lead to increased demand instability, resulting in a higher risk of supply and demand imbalances in supply chains. Companies often face challenges in managing irrational demand and supply disruptions due to their limited experience....

Due to firms' lack of creditworthiness and collateral, banks have imposed loan limits as a result of risk-control regulations in bank financing. As such, loan insurance has emerged as a useful instrument to lift loan limits. To study the joint value of bank loans and loan insurance, this article...