The design of effective market institutions for allocation of water among competing uses remains an economic challenge … externality which complicates transfers between consumptive and environmental water users, leading to the slow evolution of this … opportunity costs of water transfers, paving the way for a centralized market mechanism for water transfers among consumptive and …

This paper examines the current status of water availability, water demand, and influences from climate change in the … European Union. It provides an overview of economic policy instruments to address water scarcity and manage water demand …. Additionally, the paper explores policy options and considerations for addressing water scarcity and meeting Water Framework …