It is argued that productivity gains should be maintained during times of severe financial and economic crises so that the economy gets back on track and does not get trapped in a state of underperformance. Innovation is an important factor in productivity improvement. We use historical patent...

Contract duration as component of contract design has both a transaction cost savings function by mitigating exchange hazards and a strategic value creation function by leveraging knowledge-based resources. Previous studies have not explained the value creation function of contract duration in...