The existence of public guarantees that are extended in the case of system-wide stress only (“too-many-to-fail”) may distort the relative pricing of risks in the financial system. Studying the market for syndicated loans, we find that banks require lower compensation for aggregate risk than...

This paper provides comprehensive theoretical and empirical analyses on bank lending under uncertainty. Our theory differentiates uncertainty from risk and shows that uncertainty-averse banks demand a premium in loan contracting for their exposure to the uncertainty. This premium gets larger as...

This paper is the first to show that financial institutions may be effectively undercapitalized as a result of incomplete consolidation of minority ownership. Using two approaches – consolidating the minority-owned affiliates with the parent or deducting equity investments in minority...