In the German automobile industry the vertical integration, as an indicator of value added, is on average low. Beyond the argument of relative high labour costs for manufacturing, several specific reasons for the level of vertical integration, linked to the flexibility of business administration...

Filtered log-periodogram regression estimation of the fractional differencing parameter d is considered. Asymptotic properties are derived and the effect of filtering on d is investigated. It is shown that the estimator by Geweke and Porter-Hudak (1983) can be improved significantly using a...

This article incorporates a political decision process into an urban land use model to predict the likely location of a public good. It fills an important gap in the literature by modeling the endogenous location of open space. The article compares open space decisions made under a...

What makes a decision strategic? When is strategy most important? This paper studies the structure and value of strategy (in its everyday sense), starting from a (functional) definition of strategy as ‘the smallest set of (core) choices to optimally guide the other choices.' This definition...

The object of the present analysis is organizational slack. The paper targets at a "slack type" which consists of basic information deriving from slack functions, slack conditions, antecedents of slack and dispositional requirements of slack. The purpose of the analysis is the creation of a...

Transparency has become a catchword and in the economic-political debate is often seen as a universal remedy for all sorts of problems. In this paper, we analyze and discuss the meaning and use of the concept of transparency in economic research. We look for common denominators across different...

To describe leadership as ethical is largely a perceptional phenomenon informed by beliefs about what is normatively appropriate. Yet there is a remarkable scarcity in the leadership literature regarding how to define what is “normatively appropriate”. To shed light on this issue, we draw...

There are too many different perspectives in strategic decision-making process within the literature. The rational normative model suggests that organizations, first, based on internal and external analysis determine some objective criteria to achieve value-maximization, and then based on those...

The performance of organizations depends partly on the reputations of their industries. Such reputations are “intangible commons.” Interest in protecting mutual welfare motivates members of an industry to engage in self-regulation. However, the current literature tends to have a pessimistic...