No-wait flow shop production has been widely applied in manufacturing. However, minimization of total completion time for no-wait flow shop production is NP-complete. Consequently, achieving good effectiveness and efficiency is a challenge in no-wait flow shop scheduling, where effectiveness...

Capacity is the maximum short run output with capital in place under normal operations, and capital investment increases capacity. Excess capacity can be used as an economic strategy for entry deterrence by lowering average costs over a greater range of output, and as an operations strategy...

Large sunk costs of development, negligible costs of reproduction and distribution and substantial economies of scale make information goods distinct from physical goods. Consequently,how to take advantage of the specific characteristics of information goods is an important managerial problem....