Ecosystem externalities arise when one use of an ecosystem affects its other uses through the production functions of … the ecosystem.We use simulations from a size-spectrum ecosystem model to investigate the ecosystem externality created by …

issues: climate change and biodiversity. Involvement of governments and a reference framework provided by intergovernmental …

the economy, society and the environment. In this paper, we review the state of the art in available models and datasets … spatial land use land cover and ecosystem services models. Endogenizing feedbacks between modeling system components ensures …