Total public debt in most emerging markets grew before and after the pandemic with a sizable share in foreign currency. Along this trend, interest payments increased even in the presence of active fiscal rules in some countries. How should debt management of public debt be set under a fiscal...

To serve foreign markets, firms can either export or set up a local subsidiary through horizontal Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The conventional proximity-concentration theory suggests that FDI substitutes for trade if distance between countries is large, while exports become more important...

To serve foreign markets, firms can either export or set up a local subsidiary through horizontal Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The conventional proximity-concentration theory suggests that FDI substitutes for trade if distance between countries is large, while exports become more important...

This paper extends the global sourcing model with informal labor, which spawns reputation and legal costs for violating the rules and regulations imposed on foreign firms regarding accessing informal labor under integration. Under these circumstances, foreign firms, facing a higher cost than...

This paper proposes a cross-border M&A model with financially constrained owners in which the identity of the buyer and seller can be determined. We show that policies blocking foreign acquisitions to protect the domestic industry can be counterproductive. Foreign acquisition can increase the...

Theoretical models of growth reveal that either exogenous or endogenous, technology is the main driving force behind the long-run economic growth. Furthermore, in the endogenous growth framework, diffusion of technology is the basic mechanism of per capita income convergence among countries....

Gourinchas and Jeanne (2006) explain that the gains from capital market integration are small because the natural convergence of economies would have "done the work" of integration if it had not occurred. We provide a simple illustration of this standard theoretical argument using the simplest...

Standard international macroeconomic models overpredict capital flows into countries with relatively lower capital stocks and faster-growing TFP. Asymmetric invest- ment risk has been shown in similar models to be a significant driver of capital flows between otherwise symmetric countries. But...

Can trade liberalization have a permanent affect on output levels, and more importantly, does it have an impact on steady-state growth rates? The model emphasizes the role that knowledge spillovers emanating from heightened trade can have on income convergence and growth rates during transition...