Since 2009, stock markets have resided in a long bull market regime. Passive investment strategies have succeeded during this low-volatility growth period. From 2018 on, however, there was a transition into a more volatile market environment interspersed by corrections increasing in amplitude...

The aim of the presented study was to assess the quality of VaR forecasts in various states of the economic situation. Two approaches based on the extreme value theory were compared: Block Maxima and the Peaks Over Threshold. Forecasts were made on the daily closing prices of 10 major indices in...

In this study we consider the risk estimation as a stochastic process based on the Sample Quantile Process (SQP) - which is a generalization of the Value-at-Risk calculated on a rolling sample. Using SQP's, we are able to show and quantify the pro-cyclicality of the current way financial...

Expected Shortfall (ES) is the average return on a risky asset conditional on the return being below some quantile of its distribution, namely its Value-at-Risk (VaR). The Basel III Accord, which will be implemented in the years leading up to 2019, places new attention on ES, but unlike VaR,...

The catastrophic failures of risk management systems in 2008 bring to the forefront the need for accurate and flexible estimators of market risk. Despite advances in the theory and practice of evaluating risk, existing measures are notoriously poor predictors of loss in high-quantile events. To...

Under the new regulation based on Basel solvency framework, known as Basel III and Basel IV, financial institutions must calculate the market risk capital requirements based on the Expected Shortfall (ES) measure, replacing the Value at Risk (VaR) measure. In the financial literature, there are...

We study a class of backtests for forecast distributions in which the test statistic is a spectral transformation that weights exceedance events by a function of the modeled probability level. The choice of the kernel function makes explicit the user's priorities for model performance. The class...

One of the main challenges for life actuaries is modeling and predicting the future mortality evolution. To this end, several stochastic mortality models have been proposed in literature, starting from the pivotal approach of the Lee-Carter model. These models essentially use the ARIMA processes...

Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit probabilistischen Prognosen, die seit einigen Jahren ein aktives ökonometrisches Forschungsgebiet darstellen. Da solche Prognosen eine vollständige Verteilung für die interessierende Zufallsvariable angeben, beinhalten sie Information über...

In this paper, we estimate, model and forecast Realized Range Volatility, a new realized measure and estimator of the quadratic variation of financial prices. This estimator was early introduced in the literature and it is based on the high-low range observed at high frequency during the day. We...