Die vorliegende Untersuchung stellt die technischen Grundlagen und die Marktordnung für den internationalen Handel mit Dienstleistungen der Informationstechnologie dar; sie analysiert und bewertet die resultierenden Handelsbarrieren. Die Funktionsweise des Internets (Netzaufbau, Adress- und...

This paper outlines the technical foundations and the market structure for international trade in telecommunication services; it analyzes the resulting trade barriers. The basic structure of international telecommunications depends on the national market structure and the transmission technique...

The China - Raw Materials dispute recently arbitrated by the WTO opposed China as defendant to the US, the EU and Mexico as claimants on the somewhat unusual issue of export restrictions on natural resources. For the claimants, Chinese export restrictions on various raw materials, of which the...

We provide a synthesis of the theoretical models that study the use of escape clauses, also known as safeguards, in multilateral and preferential trade agreements. We consider models that explain this type of flexibility based on economic efficiency, political economy shocks, and...

The paper focuses on the cost characteristics of Internet technology and on the question whether there are monopolistic bottlenecks in Internet services which justify regulatory intervention into the market. The analysis is prompted by a discussion which followed the MCI and Worldcom merger in...

The last decade has witnessed remarkable developments in the digital economy, creating new opportunities for crossborder trade and investment and the ongoing emergence of novel and disruptive businesses models. At the same time, the Internet is transforming how goods and services are produced,...

The China-Raw Materials dispute recently arbitrated by the WTO opposed China as defendant to the US, the EU and Mexico as claimants on the somewhat unusual issue of export restrictions on natural resources. For the claimants, Chinese export restrictions on various raw materials, of which the...

As tariff barriers have fallen worldwide, regulation of domestic policy has become increasingly important in international trade agreements. This has led to the emergence of a theoretical literature addressing the integration of perfectly observable domestic policy into trade agreements....

Coase's assumption of zero transaction cost is not realistic in the WTO; it bears substantive amount of transaction costs. Unlike Coase, Calabresi and Melamed, in their article of “Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral,” endogenously admit that...