Policy makers and analysts are often faced with situations where it is unclear whether market-based instruments hold real promise of reducing costs, relative to conventional uniform standards. We develop analytic expressions that can be employed with modest amounts of information to estimate the...

Paul Klemmer: Umweltschutz und Wirtschaftlichkeit. Grenzen der Belastbarkeit der Unternehmen. Wirtschaftspolitische Kolloquien der Adolf-Weber-Stiftung, Band 17. Verlag Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990. 63 Seiten, 32,60 DM

Environmental regulations raise production costs at regulated firms, though in most cases the costs are only a small fraction of a firm's total costs. Productivity tends to fall, and firms may shift new investment and production to locations with less stringent regulation. However, environmental...