Policy makers often seek to integrate markets as a way to maximize social welfare. Prior research has examined the effect of market integration on social welfare (surplus) only at two extremes — when the markets are fully integrated, or, when they are fully isolated. But there is scarce...

We investigate the risk-averse supply chain comprising one supplier and one retailer with mean-variance objective function. We derive a general optimality condition that holds for an integrated supply chain as well as a decentralized one, for channel coordinating contracts like buyback and...

Economic exclusion can be defined as the arbitrary restriction on certain groups of the society to use the resources of the community which are necessary for the economic development of the group. When such exclusion takes place on the basis of caste it amounts to caste based economic exclusion...