. In 2002, Germany transferred patent rights from faculty members to their universities. To identify the effect on the …

creation of lesser estates or restrictive covenants for real property. In sum, early American courts incorporated into patent … concepts of "assignments" and "licenses." Given widespread confusion today concerning patent conveyance doctrines, this chapter … economic parlance), but patent theorists today can draw at least two important lessons from it. First, it reveals how …

of the receiving country. We test the empirical implications of our model using patent data in renewable and fossil … Moment estimator. We show that knowledge transfer through patent duplication increases with the level of IPR protection, but … more sensitive to uncertainty. Commitment to EPs also increases the incentives for patent duplication. The magnitude of the …