This article demonstrates the inner relationship between gatekeepers and their complementors and the impact of information sharing on the overall market competition intensity and the economic surplus allocation. Several competition law-based cases are grounded on the incompleteness and...

Digital platforms are technology intensive and often require access to intellectual property rights. As those rights are often owned by competing platforms, we observe cross-licensing contracts between them. Cross-licensing facilitates the sharing of technologies, leading to less duplication of...

Motivating buyers and sellers to join an empty platform is thought to be a key challenge for firms attempting to launch digital platforms in two-sided markets. According to predictions from extant literature, ’no one joins until everyone joins’. The phenomenon is often referred to as the...