2011. These Islamic debt instruments share some features similar to conventional bonds, so market operators treat both as … bonds. Whether it is appropriate to treat ṣukūk certificates as conventional bonds is empirically tested in this paper. If … the yields of ṣukūk are the same as those of conventional bonds, Granger causality tests could confirm their equivalence …

Green bonds are about a decade old financial instrument with cash flows earmarked to improve the environment or combat …. They were followed by corporates, especially utilities, and more recently also governments have started issuing green bonds …. Our returns- and characteristics-based analyses show that an investor allocating to green bonds should finance this from …

met, is included in almost all bond trust instruments. This article compares two approaches in interpreting this clause …