The currently observed demographic change consists of two independent developments that differ in structure and persistence: (1) A slow, monotonic and (presumably) permanent ageing effect caused by an increasing life expectancy; (2) a more rapidly changing, non-monotonic and less permanent...

This paper analyses whether the severe demographic change in Germany causes its high current account surpluses. An ageing population both increases the supply and lowers demand of capital in an economy. Due to a longer life span individuals save more. Fewer workers reduce the optimal capital...

The currently observed demographic change consists of two independent develop-ments that differ in structure and persistence: (1) A slow, monotonic and (presum-ably) permanent ageing effect caused by an increasing life expectancy; (2) a morerapidly changing, non-monotonic and less permanent...

This study examines the potential impact of a hypothetical but plausible migration scenario on Austria’s economy and labour market, inspired by Austria’s experience in 2015. Using the agent-based macroeconomic model developed by Poledna et al. (2023), the study explores the detailed labour...

In most Western, industrialised countries the workforce is ageing rapidly. In order to assess the possible consequences of an ageing workforce, this paper measures the impact of changes in the age structure of establishments on productivity using representative linked employer-employee panel...

With the decline of defined benefit (DB) pension plans, there has been some renewed interest in providing other annuity income options to American workers, but demand for annuities has remained low in the United States. To develop future annuity income solutions, it is important to understand...

This study examined how Australia's tax and transfer system, especially in relation to the Age Pension, impacts on household retirement choices. As the population ages, fiscal challenges created when many individuals retire from working and paying tax to drawing government funded benefits and...

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the differences between the commonly used Monte Carlo simulations that assume a static withdrawal based on a fixed mortality period and initial capital, versus the use of Monte Carlo simulations that re-estimate withdrawal amounts utilizing period life...

We propose a dynamic production function of population health and mortality from birth onwards. Our parsimonious model provides an excellent fit for the mortality and survival curves for both primate and human populations since 1816. The model sheds light on the dynamics behind many phenomena...

This paper considers the impact of population aging on tax competition among states. The analysis presented here suggests that fiscal impacts associated with tax competition will be substantially larger once the baby boom generation retires