This particular study is regarded to the static trade off theory, pecking order theory, signaling theory and agency theory, life stage theory, transaction cost economics theory, market timing theory. This paper also estimates the results by an interactive structural equation modeling, depends on...

This paper examines the dynamics trade-off financial structure in presence of ownership dispersion of newly created firms. Our objective is to test empirically the relevance of trade-off theory regards the debt funding behavior of business start-up. We use a sample of 200 business start-ups and...

We use a dynamic model of financing decisions to measure agency conflicts for a large panel of 12,652 firms from 14 countries. Our estimates show that agency conflicts are large and vary significantly across firms and countries. Differences in agency conflicts are largely due to differences in...