The performance characteristics of a solar heater and heat exchangers can be effectively improved by using artificial roughness in different forms, shapes and sizes. Artificial roughness is provided in the form of different geometries such as ribs, dimple shape roughness, wire mesh, baffles,...

This paper studied the annual thermal performance of a photovoltaic wall (PV wall) mounted on a multi-layer façade. Based on some developed unsteady-state heat transfer models for a PV wall and a normal wall, the annual thermal performance of two types of walls was simulated. Compared with a...