Purpose: the objective is to measure the financial and social performance of 127 microfinance institutions (MFIs) and observe the effects with explanatory factors such as “type”, “geography region”, and “secular and faith” variables. Design/methodology/approach: The time-series...

This paper studies asymptotic properties of the exact maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) for a general class of Gaussian seasonal long-range-dependent processes. This class includes the commonly used Gegenbauer and seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average processes. By...