When estimating process on financial time series, the usual method is to postulate the equations for the process and to estimate the parameter values for each time series. The implicit assumption is that the equations are universal (i.e. identical for all assets), while the parameters are...

One reason donors provide foreign aid is to support their exports to aid-recipient countries. Time series data for Germany suggests an average return of between US$ 1.04 to US$ 1.50 for each US dollar of aid spent by Germany. Although this is well below previous estimates, the value is robust to...