the quantile treatment effects for Niger, Togo and Mali, based on very informative data, comparable across these countries … same time, we also observe clear differences between the countries. We find that, overall, effects are positive in Mali … contract teacher programme in the three countries. In Mali and, to some extent, in Togo, the contract teacher system works more …

Extremist activities and violence in the centres of conflict in the Sahel (i.e. Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) are … humanitarian disaster is in Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso, impacts on focus countries may be transmitted through economic links (e …