The economic development of many countries globally relies heavily on tourism arrivals and spending. Terrorist attacks, political unrest, and other external shocks create disruptions and imbalances that lead to tourism crises with devastating effects on a country's economy. The paper...

In both developing and developed countries tourism is often regarded as an economic activity of immense significance creating thousands of jobs. However, calculations dealing with the economic nature of tourism are often derived from input-output models, which largely overstate its effects on...