This paper examines the impact of marine ecosystem quality on inbound coastal tourism in the Baltic, North Sea, and Mediterranean countries. Given extensive empirical findings in ecological science, we use marine protected areas (MPAs) and the fraction of species that are shed in each country's...

The focus on this paper is south-west part of Estonia located in the surroundings of Pärnu County, on the coast of Baltic Sea. The end of the USSR epoch caused great economical and socio-political reformation of Estonia. Like other post-soviet countries, this caused considerable changes in the...

This research analyses the relationship between efficiency, innovation and seasonality of the Spanish coasts for a five-year period (2015–2019). First of all, the nexus between the level of efficiency and changes in productivity, driven by improvements in innovation and/or efficiency, is...