decrease) in response to reciprocal trade liberalization between the source and host nations (of illegal immigration). Next we … of this tariff liberalization on the Nash equilibrium tariffs can modify the traditional (trade creating/diverting) gains …

characteristics of each study about immigrants' pro-trade impacts and its results. Design/methodology/approach – A meta-analysis of 24 … papers and 184 estimates that study the trade-creating network effects of immigrants is employed. Findings – The paper finds … evidence about the pro-trade effects of immigrants and the unevenness of such effects, the world countries could reduce the …

African home country reveals that, in several instances, immigrants do not exert positive and significant influences on trade … immigrants exert pro-trade influences. …Employing data on the immigrant stocks of 43 African home countries who reside in 110 host countries and on trade flows …

cultural goods, people learned the labor quality of the trade partner, which reduces the information asymmetry about the labor … quality of the exported country. Consequently, people come to accept the labor force from the trade partner in the labor …

characteristics of each study about immigrants' pro‐trade impacts and its results. Design/methodology/approach – A meta‐analysis of 24 … papers and 184 estimates that study the trade‐creating network effects of immigrants is employed. Findings – The paper finds … evidence about the pro‐trade effects of immigrants and the unevenness of such effects, the world countries could reduce the …