Capital exporting countries have attempted to protect the overseas investments of their multinational corporations (MNC) against host nation governments expropriating these investments, limiting the right to repatriate profits, or subjecting the withdrawal of their investments to heavy...

The investor-state arbitration process has been commonly used under bilateral trade and investment agreements since first adopted by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994.This mechanism has well served the investment interests of multinational corporations. In recent times,...

In the wake of the Asian century, the Asia-Pacific region has seen a proliferation of FTAs. The driving force behind the initial formation of these agreements since the 1990s, however, has moved away from focusing on economic incentives to more strategic geopolitical concerns. This article...