This article examines the origins, gestation and promulgation of ACTA. It observes that the negotiation of ACTA under conditions of secrecy and confidentiality has created a new paradigm for the negotiation of international intellectual property instruments

This article examines the negotiation of the intellectual property (IP) chapter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) which was made public by Wikileaks in November 2013. It suggests that the covert negotiation of the TPPA was anticipated by the confidential negotiation of the...