This book advances the idea that in order to address some of the criticisms against investor-state dispute settlement, a large majority of states have taken a 'normative' strategy, negotiating or amending investment treaties with provisions that potentially give more control and greater...

"Over the past 30 years, international trade has grown constantly and since 2008 it has increased by 26% (World Trade Organization 2019). In the same period of time foreign direct investment (FDI) grew more than 20% before 2000, 8 % in 2000-2007, and has shown slow growth since 2008, averaging...