According to the Washington Consensus, developing countries’ growth would benefit from reductions in barriers to trade. However, the empirical basis for judging trade reforms is weak. Econometrics are mostly ad hoc; results are typically not judged against models; policies are poorly measured;...

While protesters took to the streets in the Battle in Seattle demanding greater accountability from international institutions, such as the WTO and the IMF, and the end of an "era of trade negotiations conducted by sheltered elites balancing competing commercial interests behind closed doors,"...

This paper will analyse a survey on a range of firm-level case studies detailing the main de jure and de facto trade barriers that companies face in doing business in Southern Africa. Reference is made to previous studies on trade barriers within the region. The relevance of the Trade...

This study revisits the trade and welfare effects of 19th century bilateralism exploiting the latest developments in structural gravity models, including the consideration of domestic trade. Using bilateral trade data between 1855 and 1875, I show that the Cobden-Chevalier network, i.e. a system...

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the treatment of legal services in the United States’ international trade agreements. Although many individuals are now familiar with the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), far fewer realize that legal services are included in at...

In this paper we investigate whether multilateral trade liberalisation undermines or encourages preferential trade liberalisation. We use highly disaggregated data at the tariff-line level and find an 'emulator effect' of multilateral trade liberalisation on preferential trade agreements....

The aims of this study are to assess the relationship between tariff barriers and world trade growth from a comparative and historical perspective, and to derive some useful indications for evaluating the effectiveness of the current multilateral trading system for promoting world trade. The...

As in Roemer (1982, chapter 1), this paper considers a simple international trade model and examines the existence and characterization of free trade equilibria involving the unequal exchange of labor (UE). The paper provides an almost complete characterization of the domain of economies in...

We consider trade liberalization in a multilateral trade model, where countries have identical homothetic tastes but may have different constant returns to scale technologies that produce at least two goods from at least two factors. In this model, we derive the world prices after trade...