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To date, government procurement has been effectively carved out of the main multilateral rules of the WTO system. This paper examines the systemic and other ramifications of this exclusion, from both an economic and a legal point of view. In addition to relevant elements of the WTO Agreements,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010430680
Customs-related corruption costs World Customs Organisation (WCO) members at least $2 billion in customs revenue each … only help reduce corruption and improve efficiency - in a large number of customs agencies -- if the customs agency …'s director undertakes a big-bang approach to reform. We also find support for the corruption clubs theory - that customs agencies …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010513660
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10001597702
The process of globalization is an international economic order which has led to the progressive integration of the world economy through the pulling the barrier of trade and greater mobility of factors of production. In addition the technological innovation also provides impetus to the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10002764241
The process of globalization is an international economic order which has led to the progressive integration of the world economy through the pulling the barrier of trade and greater mobility of factors of production. In addition the technological innovation also provides impetus to the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013318544
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10001236911
The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on economic growth in Iranian economy using a Cobb-Douglas production function, which is expanded to take into account political instability and trade liberalization. The empirical results show that in the long run the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013117231
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014449892
Since the mid-1980s a substantial body of research has taken shape on trade in services. Much of this is inspired by the WTO or regional trade agreements, especially the EU. However, an increasing number of papers focus on the impacts of unilateral services sector liberalization. The literature...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009239689
Do WTO commitments reduce the risk of trade policy reversals? To address this question, we rely on the theoretical model of varying cooperative tariffs by Bagwell and Staiger (1990) to specify our empirical model for the probability of a tariff increase. We then study how WTO tariff commitments...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010462834