Commonly increases in total factor productivity (TFP) are associated with technological innovations measured by R&D expenditures. Empirical evidence seems to corroborate this relationship. However, in trading countries like the Netherlands, productivity increases, even in industry, can also be...

This paper is the first to analyze the price effects of equity trading by a pension fund. We find that, on average, these effects are non­negligible: 20 basis points for buys and 26 basis points for sells. Fur­thermore, we show that (relative) trade size and market capitalization, commonly...