Liquidity has long been a great interest to investment professionals as well as academic researchers. The estimation of illiquidity premium for infrequently traded asset classes, such as real estate and private equity, presents a challenge to the industry because of opaque information and...

The convention in calculating trading costs in corporate bond markets is to assume that dealers provide liquidity to non-dealers (customers) and calculate average bid-ask spreads that customers pay dealers. We show that customers often provide liquidity in corporate bond markets, and thus,...