Over the past few years, emerging market multi-nationals have exerted competitive pressure on developing country multi-national companies not only on their home turf, but also in other developing countries. However, our understanding of these firms and their operations in emerging economies, in...

Much existing literature on the Liability of Foreignness (LoF) concentrates on the manner in which it impacts on the strategy and performance of service based Multi-National Enterprises (MNEs) from developed economies expanding through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Few researchers have...

This report presents an overview of current and projected market trends for off-grid lighting. It was commissioned and coordinated by Lighting Africa,a joint initiative from IFC and the World Bank.The report provides a snapshot of the off-grid lighting market and provides industry level data and...

This paper will examine the adverse effects of trade and investment barriers on solar and wind GVCs. It will explore and recommend further research on alternative measures to encourage trade and investment and help domestic producers in solar and wind