Relationships and networks are commonly understood to play an important role in firms' internationalization. With this proposition in mind, this paper investigates the link between domestic business-to-business ties and firm internationalization in a sample of 502 small and medium-sized...

The internalisation theory of the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) explains MNE decisions to make/buy and/or ally, based on market and intra-organisational (firm/hierarchy) transactions costs. The theory focused on a limited set of categories, actors and sources of transaction costs and has...

We study profitable firms with no tax expenses. We find that the proportion of profitable firms that owe zero taxes (zero-tax firms) has increased substantially over the past 70 years, accounting for almost 15% of listed U.S. firms in recent years. Zero-tax firms thus represent a major group of...

This paper is about firms as an instance of economic coordination, and about how we think about them in relation to other forms of coordination as well as in relation to competition and markets. The dominant frame for thinking about firms--which has strongly influenced contemporary competition...

Undoubtedly, poverty reduction has become a front-burner issue in development and business agenda. Since its announcement and defense by its advocates as a potent weapon against poverty, the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) concept has been bedeviled by controversies. A major controversy is whether...