This study investigates the causal effect of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on firms' holdings of fixed assets as an early indicator of industrial relocation, exploiting installation level inclusion criteria of the regulation. To single out companies with particularly low relocation...

The global health pandemic and the ensuing global recession has caused unprecedented uncertainty, risks, and devastation to individuals, families, societies, and organizations. In this context, a central question arises: what are the prospects for globalization? This article addresses five...

This study exploits the installation-level inclusion criteria of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to investigate the policy's causal effect on outbound foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions of German multinational firms. Difference-in-differences with bias-corrected...

How does exposure to international markets affect returns and cash flow comovements? Foreign bond owners, lenders, affiliates, investors, customers, and suppliers all transmit country shocks to companies. Most multinationals have many of these exposures simultaneously within the same foreign...

During good economic times, the likelihood of obtaining a loan from a foreign bank increases in the borrower firm's opacity. During bad economic times (recessions), this relation reverses as the probability of obtaining a foreign loan decreases for all firms, but drops disproportionately for...

This study seeks to investigate the causal e ect of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on firms' holdings of xed assets as an early indicator of industrial relocation, exploiting installation level inclusion criteria of the regulation. To single out companies with particularly low...