This article discusses the links between climate and debt sustainability by focusing on how climate mitigation and adaptation are paid for, and who pays for it. This requires thinking about instruments such as sovereign bonds, carbon credits, conditional official grants and debt relief from both...

This research investigates the association between debt overhang and carbon emissions. We employ a sample of 2,043 U.S. firm-year observations over a period of 14 years from 2007 to 2020. Our findings reveal that the debt overhang problem increases carbon emissions. This finding holds when we...