This paper discusses the UN and EU regulations on the climate change in regard to CO2 emission in a perspective of the “Tragedy of the Commons”. The paper presents the objectives of the Rio Convention UNDCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement and the EU CO2 trading system. The main...

Climate policies have often focused on the role of State as a regulator. Meanwhile, their role as leading economic actors, especially as shareholders and investors, has been neglected. State-owned enterprises control significant shares of economic sectors which are central to a carbon-intensive...

In the Tragedy of the Commons Hardin suggested that with respect to global commons we are trapped in a vicious circle where calculations of utility pushes us to keep polluting our own nest. This taken on a global scale has led to concerns about climate change and a realization that measures need...

In this paper, I provide an overview of the treaty framework for global climate change mitigation and adaptation. I explain the legal principles that could or do provide the basis for judging actors in climate change adaptation. I explain how deforestation contributes to global climate change...

An appropriately conceived and well-designed border climate adjustment scheme, as a policy mechanism potentially utilizable by many States party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, may lead to desirable consequences for the development of comprehensive global greenhouse...

This chapter focuses on the potential impacts of rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide related to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on ocean ecosystems in the context of ocean acidification. The chapter also suggests the legal and policy implications of ocean acidification, with a...

This article reviews the international law aimed at controlling traditional air pollution as well as the efforts to address climate change. It covers transboundary air pollution litigation and the treaties dealing with conventional and toxic air pollutants. It discusses the Montreal Protocol and...